Cryptogenic organizing Pneumonia

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: 

 Infection of pseudomonas Aeruginosa:  

Diagram :

A Pseudomonas infection is a sickness caused by specific strains (types) of Pseudomonas bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most common cause of human illnesses. P. aeruginosa is most typically found in the environment, including water, plants, and soil. However, it also emerges in moist or wet environments such as bathtubs or sinks. It may be on your skin as well, although it is unlikely to cause an illness. Healthcare professionals refer to phenomenon as bacterial colonization. 

Serious Form of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection: 

It depends. People with a good immune system are unlikely to develop a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. However, it can be dangerous and even fatal if you have a damaged immune system (immunocompromised). Common causes of a compromised immune system are:

Autoimmune diseases include lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Cancer.
Cystic Fibrosis
Diabetes
HIV and AIDS
Kidney disease
Liver illness
Organ transplants include heart and lung transplants
Pregnancy
Severe burns
Surgery 

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa form of sepsis: 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not a cause of sepsis. However, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection can cause sepsis.
Sepsis is a medical emergency in which your immune system quits battling an infection and begins attacking healthy tissues and organs. According to research, P. aeruginosa is a prevalent cause of sepsis in patients with severe burns. 

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa are common: 

Pseudomonas infections are prevalent. In 2017, medical researchers calculated that over 32,000 persons had P. aeruginosa infections.

Virulence Factors:. 

Aeruginosa can adapt to a harsh environment in hosts by secreting a number of virulence factors that aid in infection and disease transmission. 16 First, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key surface structural component that protects the external leaflet and posion host cells. The endotoxicity of the lipid A in LPS allows for tissue injury, attachment, and identification by host receptors. 17 LPS may be associated with antibiotic tolerance and biofilm development. 18 Second, our membrane proteins (OMPs) contribute to nutrients.Exchange, adhesion, and antimicrobial resistance. 19 Furthermore, drug resistance due to biofilm formation is linked to the flagellum, pili, and other adhesins. 20 Fourth, there are six types of secretion systems, including flagella (T6SS-associated), pili (T4SS), and the multi-toxin components type 3 secretion system (T3SS), which are responsible for host colonization, adhesion, swimming, and swarming responding chemotactic signaling.

Mechanism:

Gram-negative microorganisms cause a variety of nosocomial illnesses, and released virulence factors frequently facilitate their interactions with the host. 61 Bacteria can influence the host immune response through the secretion system by secreting virulence factors into host cells, facilitating immunological evasion and allowing bacterial colonization.P. aeruginosa now has six types of secretion systems (T1SS-T6SS). Secretion systems are classified into two types based on the secretion routes of transport proteins: one-step secretion systems (T1SS, T3SS, T4SS, and T6) and two-step secretion systems (T2SS and T5). The one-step secretion system secretes proteins straight from the bacterial cytoplasm to the surface, whereas the two-step secretion system requires a brief periplasmic stay of the secreted proteins on the export pathway before releasing the proteins to the bacterium's external surroundings 

Diagram: 

Pathogenisis: 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen that causes acute or chronic infection in immunocompromised people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, cancer, traumas, burns, sepsis, and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), including COVID-19. 1,2,3 P. aeruginosa in biofilm states can live in hypoxic conditions or other extremely severe settings. 4,5 Furthermore, treatments for P. aeruginosa infections are exceedingly difficult because of its rapid mutations and adaption to obtain resistance to drugs. 

Furthermore, P. aeruginosa is one of the leading bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections, and it is commonly detected in medical devices (ventilation) due to its ability to grow on damp surfaces. 7 Importantly, P. aeruginosa is one of the MDR ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacter). P. aeruginosa with arbapenem resistance is recognized by WHO as a "critical" pathogen that urgently requires new medicines in clinics. 

According to epidemiological research, over 700,000 individuals die each year as a result of antibiotic-resistant bacterial illnesses. P. aeruginosa isolated from European populations had a total resistance of 12.9%. 9 Hospital-acquired infections caused by P. aeruginosa continue to build resistance to conventionally effective antibiotics, creating a major healthcare issue. 

The 2016 EPINE survey discovered that Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa are the most common causes of hospital-acquired infections in Spain, with P. aeruginosa accounting for 10.5% of clinically isolated bacterium infections. 11 According to the 2011-2012 HCAIs, P. aeruginosa caused about 9% of infections, ranking as the fourth most prevalent pathogen in European hospitals. 12 Similarly, P. aeruginosa accounts for 7.1% of HCAI in the United States. 13 Furthermore, the 2016 European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) epidemiological analysis found that P. aeruginosa causes a variety of ICU-hospital-acquired infections, including pneumonia flares, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream.

Diagram: 

Signs and Symptoms: 

Symptoms vary depending on where the Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection occurs in your body. Your symptoms could include:

Blood:
Chills.
Feeling extremely fatigued (fatigue).
Fever.
Joint discomfort.
Low blood pressure (hypotension).

Muscle ache.nd signs: 

 Ear

Earache.
Fluid that exits your ear (discharge).
Itching.
Swelling.
Hearing loss.
GI tract

Headache.
Diarrhea.
Nausea and vomiting.
Eye

Inflammation.
Pain.
Pus.
Red eyes.
Swelling.
Sudden visual loss.
Lung

Chills.
Cough.
Difficulty breathing.
Fever and skin irritation.

Discolored (red, brown, or purple) pimples.
A foul-smelling, transparent or pink fluid seeping from a wound.
Itchiness.
White or yellow pus-filled lumps (abscesses).
The urinary tract

Urge incontinence is the sudden or uncontrollable need to urinate.
Urinary incontinence is the unintentional leakage of urine.
Pain in the pelvis area.
Dysuria is the sensation of pain during urinating.
Peeing more often than normal.A Pseudomonas infection can be caused by any bacteria in the genus (grouping) Pseudomonas, with P. aeruginosa being the most prevalent kind. Pseudomonas bacteria can spread in a variety of ways, including:

Causes of Pseudomonas: 

A Pseudomonas infection can be caused by any bacteria in the genus (grouping) Pseudomonas, with P. aeruginosa being the most prevalent kind. Pseudomonas bacteria can spread in a variety of ways, including:

Water sources include sinks, baths, pools, hot tubs, humidifiers, and kitchens.
Soil.
Food.
Contaminated medical equipment, such as a ventilator or urine catheter.
Skin contact.
Pseudomomas is contagious : 

Yes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections can spread from person to person. It mainly spreads via contaminated surfaces or hands. 

Complications of Pseudomonas Aerugionsa: 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria can create a potentially fatal infection that spreads throughout the body and leads to other catastrophic illnesses such as sepsis and organ failure.

Antibiotics may not be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. This implies that standard medications used to treat infections cannot kill the bacterium. If you take antibiotics to treat a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, you may also develop a Clostridium  infection. 

Diagonosis and tests: 

Diagonosis: 

A healthcare provider can identify a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by evaluating your medical history, inquiring about your symptoms, and performing a physical examination, which may include:

Auscultation refers to listening to your heart and lungs with a stethoscope.
Feeling your abdomen.
Examine your skin.
Looking into your eyes.
They will also prescribe tests to confirm the diagnosis. 

Tests: 

A healthcare provider may order imaging tests to look for signs of infection in other areas of your body. These tests may include:

• X-rays.
• Ultrasound.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• Computed tomography (CT) scan.

They may also take body fluid or tissue samples and send them to a lab to look for Pseudomonas bacteria. 

Treatment: 

A healthcare provider will usually recommend antibiotics to treat a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. They may prescribe one or more of the following:

• Aztreonam.
• Carbapenems.
• Ceftazidime.
• Ciprofloxacin.
• Gentamicin.
• Ticarcillin.
• Ureidopenicillins.  
• These antibiotics can be taken orally (as a pill with water), topically (as a cream or gel applied to the skin), as eye drops, or intravenously (via a needle in a vein). Depending on how severe your infection is, you may need to take antibiotics for several weeks or even months.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are becoming increasingly resistant to various medications, particularly if contracted in a hospital or other healthcare setting. Even if you feel better, you must take the antibiotics exactly as prescribed by your doctor and complete the entire course. If you don't, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection will reoccur and become more difficult to treat.